The application of the foot pressure distribution system in comparative studies of sprinting and long-distance running is mainly reflected in gait mechanics analysis, sports injury prevention, and footwear design optimization. The specific differences are as follows:
1. Differences in pressure distribution characteristics
Sprinting:
During high-speed running (e.g., 18 km/h), the plantar contact area increases by 1.2%, maximum impact force rises by 12.3%, peak pressure increases by 15.1%, and ground contact time shortens by 20.1%. The pressure distribution is more concentrated in the lateral forefoot (M7) and the little toe (M9), reflecting the mechanical demands of rapid propulsion.
Long-distance running:
Athletes with functional flatfoot disperse pressure through the plantar fascia network, reducing forefoot load to 52% (compared with 68% in normal runners), heel pressure to 28% (compared with 40% in normal runners), and peak pressure intensity to only 60% of that of normal runners, forming efficient shock absorption and energy cycling.
2. Comparison of gait dynamics
Sprinting:
The center of pressure trajectory is more biased toward the lateral side of the foot, requiring rapid energy release to support explosive propulsion, but easily causing ankle instability.
Long-distance running:
The center of pressure trajectory is smoother and more symmetrical. Flatfoot athletes, through a low-arch structure (navicular position lower by 6.3 mm), convert impact force into propulsion energy, reducing the risk of joint injury.
3. Sports injury risks
Sprinting:
The medial forefoot (M5) and central forefoot (M6) bear higher loads; long-term slow training may lead to metatarsal overload injuries.
Long-distance running:
Flatfoot athletes show high efficiency in the energy storage-release cycle (energy loss rate only 10.9%), with significant metabolic savings (saving 378 kcal in a full marathon), reducing fatigue-related injuries.
4. Footwear design optimization
Sprint shoes:
Need to strengthen forefoot support to cope with high impact force. For example, Nike Free 5.0 simulates barefoot pressure distribution through outsole cutting technology.
Long-distance running shoes:
Designed for flatfoot with sole structures that evenly distribute pressure. For example, ASICS customizes personalized shoes through foot pressure testing.
5. Extension of technical applications
The foot pressure system combined with IMU sensors can synchronously analyze spatiotemporal gait parameters (such as cadence and step width), providing real-time feedback for sprint/long-distance running training. For example, NURVV smart insoles, with 16 sensing elements, quantify gait data to assist in running posture adjustment.
Through comparative analysis, the foot pressure system provides scientific evidence for biomechanics research and equipment development in both types of sports.
